Authors & Affiliations
Abstract
Introduction
Chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes are increasing in prevalence in Rwanda and across the region. Medication review is a structured, pharmacist-led process designed to optimise medicines use and improve outcomes. However, evidence on its implementation in routine African primary care is limited. This article describes the implementation and early outcomes of a pharmacy-led medication review service integrated into primary care clinics in Kigali, with a focus on feasibility and impact on patient outcomes.
Methods
Study design and setting
We conducted a pragmatic, prospective service evaluation in selected primary care clinics in Kigali between January and June 2024. Clinics were selected to represent a mix of public and private facilities. Adult patients (≥18 years) with a diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes, or both who were attending follow-up appointments and taking at least one chronic medication were eligible for inclusion.
Results
A total of 210 patients received at least one pharmacist-led medication review during the evaluation period. The median number of medications per patient was 4 (IQR 3–6). Across all reviews, common drug therapy problems included suboptimal dosing, potential interactions, and gaps in adherence support.
Discussion
Our evaluation suggests that pharmacist-led medication reviews can be integrated into primary care workflows and may contribute to improved chronic disease management. Future work should evaluate cost-effectiveness, long-term outcomes, and strategies for scaling and sustaining such services within broader health system reforms.
Conclusion
Pharmacy-led medication review services in Kigali demonstrate feasibility and early impact on chronic disease outcomes. IRU Journal welcomes further studies that explore implementation, outcomes, and adaptations of pharmaceutical care models in diverse settings.
References
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